vertical sump pump

Slurry Pump

On the other hand, if the slurry is not only abrasive but also has a low pH, then a duplex stainless steel construction is preferable. This material is best suited for slurry pumps to withstand harsh materials (such as acids) while still having a high Brinell hardness.

If you have experience pumping slurries, you know it's not an easy task. Slurries are heavy and difficult to pump. They cause excessive wear on pumps and their components and are known to clog suction and discharge lines if not moving fast enough. Most importantly, it’s a challenge to make slurry pumps last for a reasonable amount of time. But, there are a few things you can do to extend the life of your slurry pump and make pumping slurry less of a challenge.

The impeller is considered the heart of the dredge pump and is similar to a fan that expels air and creates centrifugal suction. At the suction pipe, this vacuum absorbs the slurry and transports the material through the discharge line.

Some models can generate discharge pressures up to 260 ft. (80 m).

Underwater installation

One of the primary uses of titanium dioxide is in the production of pigments for paints, coatings, and plastics. Titanium dioxide is known for its excellent opacity, brightness, and whiteness, making it an ideal choice for creating vibrant and long-lasting colors. Manufacturers of titanium dioxide carefully control the particle size and crystal structure of the pigment to ensure consistent quality and performance.

Duan et al. administered 125 mg/kg BW or 250 mg/kg BW of anatase TiO₂ (5 nm) intragastrically to mice continuously for 30 days. The exposed mice lost body weight, whereas the relative liver, kidney, spleen and thymus weights increased. Particles seriously affected the haemostasis of the blood and the immune system. The decrease in the immune response could be the result of damage to the spleen, which is the largest immune organ in animals and plays an important role in the immune response. Powel et al. demonstrated that TiO₂ NPs may trigger immune reactions of the intestine after oral intake. They showed that TiO₂ NPs conjugated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, but not TiO₂ NPs or lipopolysaccharide alone, trigger the immune response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in isolated intestinal tissue. This indicates that TiO₂ NPs may be important mediators in overcoming normal gut-cell hyporesponsiveness to endogenous luminal molecules, which may be particularly relevant to patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which is characterized by an abnormal intestinal permeability.

But that depends on how titanium dioxide is being used and how you might come into contact with it. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified titanium dioxide as possibly carcinogenic to humans based on studies that showed more lung tumors in rats associated with breathing in titanium dioxide.

Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical substance to damage DNA , the genetic material of cells. As genotoxicity may lead to carcinogenic effects, it is essential to assess the potential genotoxic effect of a substance to conclude on its safety.  

Titanium dioxide comes in the form of a white powder and is sometimes used in cosmetics to adjust a color to a lighter shade. This is also why it can produce a white cast.