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A slurry is any mixture of a fluid (such as water) and a powdery solid. Slurries are used as a convenient way to handle bulk solids in the mining, steel processing, foundry, power generation and, more recently, frac sand mining industries. Slurries typically behave like viscous viscous fluids, flowing under gravity, but can also be pumped as needed.

The design of the slurry pump is critical to ensure that the abrasive and often corrosive aspects of the slurry do not damage the impeller. In addition, slurries and sludges may contain large amounts of unforeseen solids, which will inevitably clog many types of pumps. Since most centrifugal pump impellers have very tight tolerances on the worm gear, the abrasive (and sometimes corrosive) nature of the slurry will quickly wear down the worm gear and destroy the tolerances. In turn, this causes the pump to lose suction. This can lead to extensive downtime of the slurry pump, as well as expensive maintenance and spare parts.

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Any type of impeller can be used in slurry applications, but closed slurry pump impellers are more common because they are high efficient and abrasion Resistance,. Open slurry pump impellers are usually used well for high concentration solids as they are less likely to clog. For example, the small fibers in paper stock which, in high densities, may have a tendency to clog the impeller. Pumping slurry can be difficult.

Compared to standard centrifugal pumps, centrifugal pumps optimised for slurry pumping usually have the following features.